Aid Workers Security Database. “Major Attacks on Aid Workers: Summary Statistics,” 2023.
Applebaum, A. Red Famine: Stalin’s War on Ukraine. New York: Penguin Random House, 2018.
Alfani, G., and C. Ó Gráda. “The Timing and Causes of Famines in Europe.” Nature Sustainability 1, no. 6 (2018): 283–288.
Arnold, D. Famine: Social Crisis and Historical Change. Oxford: Blackwell, 1988.
Benthall, J. “Le sans-frontierism,” Anthropology Today 7, no. 6 (1991): 1–3.
Benvenisti, E. “The International Law of Prolonged Sieges and Blockades: Gaza as a Case Study.” University of Cambridge Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 22/2021. 2021.
Boserup, E. The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1965.
Boserup, E. “Environment, Population, and Technology in Primitive Societies.” Population and Development Review 2, no. 1 (1976): 21–36.
Brenner, R.“The Agrarian Roots of European Capitalism.” In The Brenner Debate: Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Pre-Industrial Europe. Edited by T. Aston and C. Philpin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
BRICS Information Centre. “BRIC's Joint Statement on Global Food Security,” 2009.
Callwell, Colonel C. E. Small Wars: Their Principle and Practice. 3rd ed. Lincoln: Bison Books, 1996 [1906].
Cameron, S. The Hungry Steppe: Famine, Violence, and the Making of Soviet Kazakhstan. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018.
Caulk, R. “Armies as Predators: Soldiers and Peasants in Ethiopia c. 1850-1935.” The International Journal of African Historical Studies 11, no. 3 (1978): 457–493.
Checchi, F., C. Jarvis, K. van Zandfoort and A. Warsame. “Mortality among Populations Affected by Armed Conflict in Northeast Nigeria, 2016 to 2019.” PNAS 120, no. 30 (2023): e2217601120.
Checchi, F., A. Testa, A. Warsame, L. Quach, and R. Burns. “Estimates of Crisis-Attributable Mortality in South Sudan, December 2013-April 2018: A Statistical Analysis.” London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 2018.
Clarke, D., and S. Dercon. Dull Disasters: How Planning Ahead Will Make a Difference. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
Colledge S, Conolly J, Crema E, and Shennan S. “Neolithic Population Crash in Northwest Europe Associated with Agricultural Crisis.” Quaternary Research. 92, no. 3 (2019): 686–707.
Collingham, L. The Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food. New York: Penguin, 2012.
Conley, B., and A. de Waal. “The Purposes of Starvation: Historical and Contemporary Uses.” Journal of International Criminal Justice 17, no. 4 (2019): 699–722.
Cribb, J. The Coming Famine: The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.
Curtis, K. “The ‘Four Famines’ Explained.” UN Dispatch, March 17, 2017.
D’Alessandro, F., and M. Gillett. “The War Crime of Starvation in Non-International Armed Conflict.” Oxford: Blavatnik School of Government, Working Paper, BSG-WP-2019/031. 2019.
Daschuk, J. Clearing the Plains: Disease, Politics of Starvation, and the Loss of Aboriginal Life. Regina, Canada: University of Regina Press, 2013.
Davey, E. “Beyond the ‘French Doctors’: The Evolution and Interpretation of Humanitarian Action in France.” Overseas Development Institute, Humanitarian Policy Group Working Paper, 2012.
Davis, M. Late Victorian Holocausts: El Nińo Famines and the Making of the Third World. London: Verso, 1999.
See AlsoSag Harbor Officials at Odds Over Development CorporationPressed about jumping into Baltimore Harbor, Mayor Scott and others admit it’s still unsafe and illegal outside of organized events | Baltimore Brew3 Panama City Beach drownings bring Florida total to 6 this week. How to survive rip currentsKeweenaw Peninsula, MichiganDeFalco, R. “The Right to Food in Gaza: Israel’s Obligations under International Law.” Rutgers Law Record 35 (2009): 11–22.
Devereux, S. Theories of Famine. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1994.
De Waal, A. Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia. New York, Human Rights Watch, 1991.
De Waal, A. Famine that Kills: Darfur, Sudan, 1984–1985. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1989.
De Waal, A. Mass Starvation: The History and Future of Famine. Cambridge, Polity, 2017.
De Waal, A. “Memory and the Social Meaning of Famine.” Third World Quarterly 45, no. 2 (2023): 439–443.
De Waal, A. “Starving Out the South, 1984-9.” In Civil War in the Sudan. Edited by M. Daly and A. Alsikainga, 202–233. London: British Academic Press, 1993.
Dikötter, F. Mao’s Great Famine: The History of China’s Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1968–1962. London: Bloomsbury, 2010.
Donets, A., and A Prezanti. “Hostage City: Hunger, Disease, and Inhumanity in Russian-Occupied Mariupol.” Texas International Law Journal 58, no. 3 (2023): 99–118.
Duffield, M. “Complex Emergencies and the Crisis of Developmentalism.” IDS Bulletin 25, no. 4 (1994): 37–45.
FAO. “Hunger and Food Insecurity,” 2023.
Franklin-Lyons, A. “Modern Famine Theory and the Study of Pre-Modern Famines.” Crisis alimentarias en la Edad Media. Modelos, explicaciones y representaciones, Barcelone (2013): 33–45.
Friedmann, H. “The Political Economy of Food: The Rise and Fall of the Postwar International Food Order.” American Journal of Sociology 88S (1982): 248–286.
Global Rights Compliance. “Agriculture Weaponised: The Illegal Seizure and Extraction of Ukrainian Grain by Russia.” 2023.
Graeber, D., and D. Wengrow. The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity. London, Macmillan, 2021.
Guterres, A. “Secretary-General’s Remarks at the Opening of the 2022 High-level Segment of ECOSOC, Ministerial Segment of High-Level Political Forum.” United Nations, July 13, 2022.
Hariri, Y. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind. New York: Harper, 2011.
Hermann, R. No Useless Mouth: Waging War and Fighting Hunger in the American Revolution. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019.
Hionidou, V. Famine and Death in Occupied Greece 1941–1944. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Howard-Hassman, R. State Food Crimes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Howe, P., and S. Devereux. “Famine Intensity and Magnitude Scales: A Proposal for an Instrumental Definition of Famine.” Disasters 28, no. 1 (2004): 353–372.
Huff, G. World War II and Southeast Asia: Economy and Society under Japanese Occupation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.
International Court of Justice. “Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in The Gaza Strip (South Africa V. Israel).” January 26, 2024.
IPC. “IPC and Famine.” 2023a.
IPC. “Famine Review of the IPC Analysis – Conclusions and Recommendations.” December 21, 2023b.
Jordan, W. The Great Famine: Northern Europe in the Early Fourteenth Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.
Jordash, W., C. Murdoch, and J. Holmes. “A Comprehensive Review of Existing IHL and ICL As It Relates to Starvation.” In Accountability for Mass Starvation: Testing the limits of the law. Edited by B. Conley, A. de Waal, C. Murdoch, and W. Jordash, 107–154. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
Kanfash, M., and A. Aljaseem. “Starvation as Strategy in the Syrian Armed Conflict: Siege, Deprivation, and Detention.” In Accountability for Mass Starvation: Testing the limits of the law. Edited by B. Conley, A. de Waal, C. Murdoch, and W. Jordash, 195–216. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
Keen, D. The Benefits of Famine: A Political Economy of Famine in Southwestern Sudan 1983–1989. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.
Keen, D. Complex Emergencies. Cambridge: Polity, 2002.
Kiernan, B. “The Demography of Genocide in Southeast Asia: The Death Tolls in Cambodia, 1975-79, and East Timor, 1975-80.” Critical Asian Studies 35, no. 4 (2003): 585–597.
Lemkin, R. “Soviet Genocide in Ukraine,” in Roman Serbyn, “Lemkin on the Ukrainian Genocide,” Journal of International Criminal Justice 7 (2009): 123–130.
Lieberman, B., and E. Gordon. Climate Change in History: Prehistory to the Present. 2nd ed. London, Bloomsbury, 2022.
Loewenberg, S. “Famine Fears in North-East Nigeria as Boko Haram Fight Rages.” The Lancet 389, no. 10067 (2017): 352.
Malthus, Thomas R. An Essay on the Principle of Population. 6th ed. London: Ward, Locke and Co., 1890 [1826].
Malthus, Thomas R. First Essay on the Principle of Population. London: Macmillan, 1926 [1798].
Marcus, D. “Famine Crimes in International Law.” American Journal of International Law 97, no. 2 (2003): 245–281.
Maxwell, D., and N. Majid. Famine in Somalia: Competing Imperatives, Collective Failures, 2011–12. London: Hurst, 2016.
McLane, J. Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
McMichael, P. “A Food Regime Analysis of the ‘World Food Crisis.’” Agriculture and Human Values 26 (2009): 281–295.
Natsios, A. The Great North Korean Famine: Famine, Politics and Foreign Policy. Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace, 2001.
Newton, C.“‘Not Never Again, But Next Time’: Armed Conflict and Mass Starvation in South Sudan 2013-2019.” In Accountability for Mass Starvation: Testing the Limits of the Law. Edited by B. Conley, A. de Waal, C. Murdoch, and W. Jordash, 155–194. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
Nyssen, J. et al. “Documenting the Civilian Victims of the Tigray War.” YouTube. January 19, 2023. Video, 56:54.
Ogbu, T, Rodriguez-Llanes, M. de Almeida, N. Speybroeck, and D. Guha-Sapir. “Human Insecurity and Child Deaths in Conflict: Evidence for Improved Response in Yemen.” International Journal of Epidemiology 51, no. 3 (2022): 847–857.
Ó Gráda, C. Famine: A Short History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010.
Ó Gráda, C. The Great Irish Famine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Ó Gráda, C. The Hidden Victims: Civilian Casualties of the Two World Wars. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2024.
Patenaude, B. The Big Show in Bololand: The American Relief Expedition to Soviet Russia in the Famine of 1921. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2002.
Patnaik, U. “Mr Keynes and the Forgotten Holocaust in Bengal, 1943–44: Or, the Macroeconomics of Extreme Demand Compression.” Studies in People’s History 4, no. 2 (2017): 197–210.
Post, J. The Last Great Subsistence Crisis in the Western World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977.
Rangasami, A. “Failure of Exchange Entitlements Theory of Famine.” Economic and Political Weekly 20, no. 41 (1985): 1748.
Rubin, O. “The Precarious State of Famine Research.” Journal of Development Studies 55, no. 8 (2019): 1633–1653.
Sarkar, A.“‘Once We Control Them, We Will Feed Them’: Mass Starvation in Yemen.” In Accountability for Mass Starvation: Testing the Limits of the Law. Edited by B. Conley, A. de Waal, C. Murdoch, and W. Jordash, 217–259. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
Sarkar, A., B. Spatz, A. de Waal, C. Newton,and D. Maxwell.“The Political Marketplace Framework and Mass Starvation: How Can Humanitarian Analysis, Early Warning and Response Be Improved?” Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 3, no. 3 (2021): 43–55.
Sen, A. Development as Freedom. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000.
Sen, A. Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981.
Schaller, D. “From Conquest to Genocide: Colonial Rule in German Southwest Africa and German East Africa.” In Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation and Subaltern Resistance in World History. Edited by D. Moses, 296–324. New York: Berghahn Books, 2010.
Scott, J. Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2017.
Serels, S. Starvation and the State: Famine, Slavery, and Power in Sudan, 1883–1956. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
Shennan, S. The First Farmers of Europe: An Evolutionary Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
Slobodkin, J. The Starving Empire: A History of Famine in France’s Colonies. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2023.
Sorokin, P. Hunger as a Factor in Human Affairs. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1975 [1922].
Spoorenberg, T., and D. Schwekendiek. “Demographic Changes in North Korea: 1993-2008.” Population and Development Review 38, no. 1 (2012): 133–158.
UNOCHA. “Global Humanitarian Overview 2024.” 2023b.
Vanhaute, E. “From Famine to Food Crisis: What History Can Teach Us about Local and Global Subsistence Crises.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 38, no. 1 (2011): 47–65.
Warsame, A., S. Frison, and F. Checchi. “Drought, Armed Conflict and Population Mortality in Somalia, 2014–2018: A Statistical Analysis.” PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 4 (2023): e0001136.
Watkins, S., and J. Menken. “Famines in Historical Perspective.” Population and Development Review 11 (1985): 647–676.
Watson, A. Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria-Hungary in World War I. New York: Basic Books, 2017.
Watts, M. Silent Violence: Food, Famine and Peasantry in Northern Nigeria. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.
Wheatcroft, S. “Eastern Europe and the USSR.” In Famine in European History. Edited by G. Alfani and C. Ó Gráda, 212–239. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.
World Peace Foundation. “Famine Trends, Dataset, Tables and Graphs.” Accessed February 23, 2024.
World Peace Foundation. Starving Tigray: How Armed Conflict and Mass Atrocities Have Destroyed an Ethiopian Region’s Economy and Food System and Are Threatening Famine. Somerville, MA: World Peace Foundation, 2021.
Zappalà, S. “Conflict Related Hunger, ‘Starvation Crimes’ and UN Security Council Resolution 2417 (2018).” Journal of International Criminal Justice 17, no. 4 (2019): 881–906.
The History and Future of Famine (2024)
Author: The Hon. Margery Christiansen
Last Updated:
Views: 5761
Rating: 5 / 5 (50 voted)
Reviews: 89% of readers found this page helpful
Name: The Hon. Margery Christiansen
Birthday: 2000-07-07
Address: 5050 Breitenberg Knoll, New Robert, MI 45409
Phone: +2556892639372
Job: Investor Mining Engineer
Hobby: Sketching, Cosplaying, Glassblowing, Genealogy, Crocheting, Archery, Skateboarding
Introduction: My name is The Hon. Margery Christiansen, I am a bright, adorable, precious, inexpensive, gorgeous, comfortable, happy person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.