First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation (2024)

Author affiliations

1 National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA

2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory, 99 Millstone Road, Westford, MA 01886, USA

3 National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

4 Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

5 Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain

6 Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

7 Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C.

8 Departament d'Astronomia i Astrofísica, Universitat de València, C. Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain

9 Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain

10 Steward Observatory and Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

11 Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

12 East Asian Observatory, 660 N. A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA

13 Nederlandse Onderzoekschool voor Astronomie (NOVA), PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

14 California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

15 Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, 645 N. A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA

16 Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406 Saint Martin d'Hères, France

17 Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands

18 Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo, ON, N2L 2Y5, Canada

19 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada

20 Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada

21 Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daedeok-daero 776, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea

22 University of Science and Technology, Gajeong-ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea

23 Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

24 Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

25 Department of Physics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

26 Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

27 Data Science Institute, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

28 Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA

29 Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

30 Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China

31 Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China

32 Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden

33 Mizusawa VLBI Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-12 Hoshigaoka, Mizusawa, Oshu, Iwate 023-0861, Japan

34 Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

35 Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Pancini", Universitá di Napoli "Federico II", Compl. Univ. di Monte S. Angelo, Edificio G, Via Cinthia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy

36 Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

37 INFN Sez. di Napoli, Compl. Univ. di Monte S. Angelo, Edificio G, Via Cinthia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy

38 Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0083, South Africa

39 Centre for Radio Astronomy Techniques and Technologies, Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa

40 Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstr. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

41 Department of History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

42 Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

43 Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

44 Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

45 Leiden Observatory—Allegro, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

46 Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China

47 NOVA Sub-mm Instrumentation Group, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Landleven 12, 9747 AD Groningen, The Netherlands

48 Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China

49 Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China

50 Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica. Apartado Postal 51 y 216, 72000. Puebla Pue., México

51 The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8562, Japan

52 Department of Statistical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8562, Japan

53 Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8583, Japan

54 Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA

55 Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskij pr., 28, Petrodvorets,198504 St.Petersburg, Russia

56 Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE), Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands

57 Kogakuin University of Technology & Engineering, Academic Support Center, 2665-1 Nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan

58 Physics Department, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lien-Hai Rd, Kaosiung City 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C

59 National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA

60 Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, People's Republic of China

61 School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China

62 Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China

63 Italian ALMA Regional Centre, INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

64 Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sect.4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C

65 Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58089, México

66 Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CdMx 04510, México

67 Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650011 Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China

68 Center for Astronomical Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China

69 Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650011 Kunming, People's Republic of China

70 Gravitation Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam (GRAPPA) Institute, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands

71 Centro Astronómico de Yebes (IGN), Apartado 148, E-19180 Yebes, Spain

72 Department of Physics, Broida Hall, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA

73 Astronomy Department, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile

74 Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, 01003, Amherst, MA, USA

75 Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

76 Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada

77 Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada

78 Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 180 Dundas St West, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada

79 Radio Astronomy Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

80 CCS-2, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA

81 Center for Theoretical Astrophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA

82 Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica, IRAM, Avenida Divina Pastora 7, Local 20, E-18012, Granada, Spain

83 Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, 03940, Ciudad de México, México

84 Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan

85 Aalto University Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, PL 15500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland

86 Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Metsähovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland

87 Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea

88 Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), Postbus 93138, 2509 AC Den Haag, The Netherlands

89 Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan

90 Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan

91 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea

92 Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Postbus 2300, 9513 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

93 Physics Department, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA

94 School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China

95 Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK

96 School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China

97 Astronomy Department, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China

98 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

99 University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA

100 National Radio Astronomy Observatory, NRAO Technology Center, 1180 Boxwood Estate Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA

101 Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, C.P. 72840, Mexico

102 Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, CDMX, C.P. 03940, Mexico

103 National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, No.566, Ln. 134, Longyuan Rd., Longtan Dist., Taoyuan City 325, Taiwan, R.O.C.

104 MIT Haystack Observatory, 99 Millstone Road, Westford, MA 01886, USA

105 Dept. of Astronomy, Univ. of California Berkeley, 501 Campbell, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

106 CASA, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA

107 Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada

108 University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 William T, Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA

109 Research and Development Weather and Climate Models, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, Utrechtseweg 297, 3731 GA, De Bilt, The Netherlands

110 Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA

111 Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuencyou Sakai Osaka, Sakai 599-8531, Kinki, Japan

112 High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA

113 IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, Toulouse, France

114 European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago de Chile, Chile

115 Joint ALMA Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura 763-0355, Santiago de Chile, Chile

116 National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA

117 ASIAA Hilo Office, 645 N. A'ohoku Place, University Park, Hilo, HI 96720, USA

118 Square Kilometre Array Organisation, Jodrell Bank Observatory, Lower Withington, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, UK

119 Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea

120 National Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USA

121 ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands

122 Science Support Office, Directorate of Science, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands

123 Center for Detectors, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, 1 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA

124 Mizusawa VLBI Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Ohshu, Iwate 023-0861, Japan

125 Systems & Technology Research, 600 West Cummings Park, Woburn, MA 01801, USA

126 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia IL 60510, USA

127 Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

128 MERLAB, 357 S. Candler St., Decatur, GA 30030, USA

129 GWW School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA 30332, USA

130 Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

131 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA

132 Owens Valley Radio Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Big Pine, CA 93513, USA

133 Dept. of Astronomy, Radio Astronomy Laboratory, Univ. of California Berkeley, 601 Campbell, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

134 Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, C.P. 72810, Mexico

135 Deceased.

First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation (2024)
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